Investment Performance

⁽¹⁾ Investments in Target Retirement Funds are subject to the risks of their underlying funds. The year in the fund name refers to the approximate year (the target date) when an investor in the fund would retire and leave the work force. The fund will gradually shift its emphasis from more aggressive investments to more conservative ones based on its target date. An investment in the Target Retirement Fund is not guaranteed at any time, including on or after the target date.

⁽²⁾ Vanguard Target Retirement Trusts: Investments in Target Retirement Trusts are subject to the risks of their underlying investments. The year in the fund name refers to the approximate year (the target date) when an investor in the trust would retire and leave the workforce. The trust will gradually shift its emphasis from more aggressive investments to more conservative ones based on its target date. An investment in a Target Retirement Trust is not guaranteed at any time, including on or after the target date. These trust suggestions are based on an estimated retirement age of approximately 65. Should you choose to retire significantly earlier or later, you may want to consider a trust with an asset allocation more appropriate to your particular situation. All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Investments in bonds are subject to interest rate, credit, and inflation risk.

⁽³⁾ MFS International Diversification Fund - Class R6: Massachusetts Financial Services Company has agreed in writing to bear the fund's expenses, excluding management fees, distribution and service fees, interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses, brokerage and transaction costs, investment-related expenses, and fees and expenses associated with investments in investment companies and other similar investment vehicles, such that "Other Expenses" do not exceed 0.00% of the class' average daily net assets annually for Class R6 shares. This written agreement will continue until modified by the fund's Board of Trustees, but such agreement will continue until at least September 30, 2025.

⁽⁴⁾ The Investment Option is neither a mutual fund nor part of a Separate Account. The returns listed do not include the impact of contract charges. Please refer to the contract or disclosure book to determine which Fixed Interest Options are available for your specific plan. The Investment Option is offered through Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company.

⁽⁵⁾ The current rate for the Voya Fixed Plus Account III MC 902, Fund 4020 is 2.00%, expressed as an annual effective yield. The current rate may change and be higher or lower than the previously identified rate but is guaranteed not to be less than the calendar year floor rate of 1.25%, which will not change through 12/31/2025. In addition, the current rate is guaranteed not to be less than the Guaranteed Minimum Interest Rate of 1.00%. VRIAC will not apply a decrease to the current rate following a rate change initiated solely by us prior to the last day of the three-month period measured from the first day of the month in which such change was effective. Note: The current rate for an initial investment in the fixed account previously identified may be in effect for less than a full three-month period. Guarantees are based on the claims-paying ability of Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company.

⁽⁶⁾ American Century Investments Ultra Fund - R6 Class: The advisor has agreed to waive a portion of the fund's management fee such that the management fee does not exceed 0.911% for Investor, A, C and R Classes, 0.711% for I and R5 Classes, and 0.561% for Y and R6 Classes. The advisor expects this waiver arrangement to continue until February 28, 2025 and cannot terminate it prior to such date without the approval of the Board of Directors.

⁽⁷⁾ Carillon Scout Mid Cap Fund - Class R-6: Carillon Tower Advisers, Inc. ("Carillon") has contractually agreed to waive its investment advisory fee and/or reimburse certain expenses of the fund to the extent that annual operating expenses of a class exceed a percentage of that class' average daily net assets through April 30, 2025 as follows: Class R-6 - 0.85%. This expense limitation excludes interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, costs relating to investments in other investment companies (acquired fund fees and expenses), dividends, and extraordinary expenses. The contractual fee waivers can be changed only with the approval of a majority of the fund's Board of Trustees. Any reimbursement of fund expenses or reduction in Carillon's investment advisory fees is subject to recoupment by the fund within the following two fiscal years, if overall expenses fall below the lesser of its then-current expense cap or the expense cap in effect at the time of the fee recoupment.

The chart shows the performance for each investment option for the time periods shown.